Although it may not be public knowledge, it can actually be a difference between the type of hard water which is supplied to households around the world – the water may have a "temporary" or "permanent hardness". There are also common types of hard water according to the magnesium ion (for example, or calcium) in water, which can cause various types of hard water stains and scale formation.
Temporary hardness
Temporary hardness is hardness that can be removed by boiling or by adding lime (calcium hydroxide). It is caused by a combination of calcium ions and bicarbonate ions in water. In boiling water, it promotes the formation of carbonate from bicarbonate and precipitated calcium carbonate (limestone) of the solution, leaving water that is less hard after that has cooled.
When it was heated, less carbon dioxide is capable of dissolving in water. Since there is not enough carbon dioxide about the reaction can take place, and then calcium carbonate will not "dissolve" as easily. Instead, the reaction is forced to restore balance, and the solid calcium carbonate is formed. Heat the water will remove hardness as long as limestone, which precipitates out is removed. After cooling, if time passes the water picks up carbon dioxide from the air and the reaction will again proceed, which allows the calcium carbonate "Dissolve" in water.
Permanent hardness
Permanent hardness is hardness (mineral content) that can not be eliminated by boiling. When this happens, it is usually caused by the presence of calcium and sulphate magnesium and / or chlorides in water, which become more soluble as temperature rises. Despite its name, water hardness may be easily removed using a water softener or ion exchange column.
Hard Water Testing
If you are on a municipal water system, and I want to know the water hardness at home, the provider water can indicate the level of hardness of the water they provide. If you have a private water supply, you can test the water for hardness. There are several different scales used to describe the water hardness in different contexts.
The mixture specific minerals dissolved in water, with water acidity or alkalinity (pH) and temperature will determine the behavior hardness, the number of unique on a scale not give a complete description. Descriptions of hardness correspond roughly with ranges of mineral concentrations:
Soft: 0 – 20 mg / L as calcium
Moderately soft: 20 – 40 mg / L as calcium
Slightly hard: 40 – 60 mg / L as calcium
Moderately hard: 60 – 80 mg / L as calcium
Hard: 80 to 120 mg / L as calcium
Very hard:> 120 mg / L as calcium
As an indication, 60% of UK and 85% of the U.S. population, live in an area with hard water, which can cause stubborn stains hard water on fixtures and equipment. Most water softener companies will be able to provide a free kit water testing. Once you've tested your water supply, the hardness of your water will be reported in grains per gallon, milligrams per liter (mg / l) or parts per million (ppm). One grain of hardness equals 17.1 mg / l or ppm of hardness.
About the Author:
Patrick Henry BEng (Hons), is a recognised industry expert in removing hard water stains. With an honours degree in Chemical Engineering, he teaches people how to remove stubborn hard water stains and limescale using a step by step guide. He is author of the ebook “Hard Water Stain Removal Secrets Revealed”. Complete information on his popular ebook is available from his web site. And while your there, don’t forget to subscribe to his FREE report at http://www.hardwaterstainstips.com.
Article Source: ArticlesBase.com – Hard Water – Is Yours Temporary or Permanent?
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